What is the most critical factor in ensuring a building's lifespan?

The most critical factor in ensuring a building's lifespan is structural integrity. This aspect refers to the ability of a building to withstand its intended load without experiencing failure due to deformation or collapse. A building's structural integrity is fundamentally tied to its design, the quality of materials used, and how well it adheres to engineering principles.

If a structure lacks proper integrity, it risks severe issues over time, including deterioration that can lead to unsafe conditions or even complete structural failure. While other factors like artistic elements and interior design contribute to a building's aesthetics and functionality, they do not directly impact the physical durability or longevity of the structure. Cost of materials, while important for budget considerations, does not guarantee the longevity of a building if the structural integrity is compromised. Thus, ensuring robust structural integrity is paramount for the enduring safety and usability of a building.